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Nelson Mandela - 10 things to know with detail

• Early life: Nelson Mandela was born on July 18, 1918, in the village of Mvezo in South Africa. He was given the name Rolihlahla, which means "troublemaker" in the Xhosa language. Mandela's father died when he was just nine years old, and he was adopted by the Thembu regent, Chief Jongintaba Dalindyebo.
• Education: Mandela attended the University of Fort Hare, where he studied law. However, he was expelled for participating in a student protest. He later completed his law degree through correspondence courses while working as a clerk in Johannesburg.
• Anti-apartheid activism: Mandela joined the African National Congress (ANC) in 1943 and became actively involved in the fight against apartheid, the system of racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa. He was a key figure in the ANC's campaign of nonviolent resistance against the apartheid government.
• Imprisonment: In 1962, Mandela was arrested and sentenced to five years in prison for incitement and leaving the country without permission. While serving this sentence, he was charged with sabotage and sentenced to life in prison in 1964. Mandela spent a total of 27 years behind bars, mostly on Robben Island.
• Release and presidency: Mandela was released from prison on February 11, 1990, after years of international pressure and internal protests. He played a leading role in the negotiations to end apartheid and was elected president of South Africa in 1994 in the country's first multiracial elections.
• Truth and Reconciliation Commission: Mandela established the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in 1995 to investigate human rights abuses committed during the apartheid era. The TRC provided a platform for victims and perpetrators to confront the past and promote national healing and reconciliation.
• Nobel Peace Prize: In 1993, Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, along with then-South African President F.W. de Klerk, for their efforts to peacefully dismantle the apartheid system and establish a democratic, multiracial government in South Africa.
• Global statesman: Mandela was widely regarded as a global symbol of resistance to oppression and injustice. He used his stature to advocate for human rights, peace, and social justice around the world. Mandela was a vocal critic of the Iraq War and the global response to HIV/AIDS.
• Legacy: Mandela retired from politics in 1999 and focused on charitable work through the Nelson Mandela Foundation. He died on December 5, 2013, at the age of 95. Mandela's legacy continues to inspire people everywhere to fight for equality, justice, and reconciliation.
• Iconic status: Mandela is often referred to as "Madiba," a term of endearment derived from his Xhosa clan name. His birthday, July 18, is celebrated as Nelson Mandela International Day, a day of service and activism in his honor. Mandela's life and legacy continue to be commemorated through books, films, art, and memorials around the world.