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Supreme Court of India - 10 things to know with detail

• Establishment: The Supreme Court of India was established on January 28, 1950, and is the highest judicial body in the country. It is located in New Delhi and consists of a Chief Justice and a maximum of 30 other judges.
• Jurisdiction: The Supreme Court has original, appellate, and advisory jurisdictions. It hears cases involving disputes between the central government and one or more states, appeals from high courts, and cases involving constitutional matters.
• Independence: The Supreme Court is independent of the executive and legislative branches of government. The judges are appointed by the President of India based on the recommendations of a collegium of senior judges.
• Writs: The Supreme Court has the power to issue writs such as habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, certiorari, and quo warranto to protect the fundamental rights of citizens. These writs are a means of enforcing the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Indian Constitution.
• Landmark Cases: The Supreme Court has delivered several landmark judgments that have had a significant impact on Indian society. Some notable cases include Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973), which established the doctrine of basic structure of the Constitution, and Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018), which decriminalized homosexuality.
• Public Interest Litigation: The Supreme Court has played a key role in promoting public interest litigation (PIL) in India. PIL allows citizens to bring matters of public interest before the court, even if they are not directly affected by the issue.
• Judicial Activism: The Supreme Court has been known for its judicial activism in various areas, including environmental protection, women's rights, and corruption. The court has often taken suo motu cognizance of issues and issued directives to the government to take action.
• Collegium System: The appointment and transfer of judges in the Supreme Court and high courts are governed by the collegium system, where a group of senior judges makes recommendations to the President. This system has been the subject of debate and criticism for lack of transparency.
• Virtual Court: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Supreme Court introduced virtual court hearings to ensure continuity in the dispensation of justice. This has allowed lawyers and litigants to participate in court proceedings remotely.
• International Influence: The judgments of the Supreme Court of India have been cited in courts around the world and have influenced legal developments in other countries. The court has also collaborated with international bodies on issues such as human rights and environmental protection.