Google trend - Air Quality Index

The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a measurement that provides information about the quality of the air we breathe. It is a numerical scale that ranges from 0 to 500, with higher values indicating poorer air quality. The AQI is used to communicate the potential health risks associated with air pollution and to inform the public about the current air quality conditions in a specific area.

The AQI is based on the concentrations of five major air pollutants: ground-level ozone, particulate matter (PM5 and PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). These pollutants are known to have adverse effects on human health and the environment.

Ground-level ozone is formed when pollutants emitted by vehicles, power plants, and industrial facilities react with sunlight. It can cause respiratory problems, such as coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, and can also worsen existing respiratory conditions, such as asthma.

Particulate matter refers to tiny particles suspended in the air, which can be either solid or liquid. PM5 refers to particles with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or smaller, while PM10 refers to particles with a diameter of 10 micrometers or smaller. These particles can be released into the air from various sources, including vehicle emissions, industrial processes, and natural sources like dust and wildfires. Inhalation of these particles can lead to respiratory and cardiovascular problems, as they can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream.

Carbon monoxide is a colorless and odorless gas that is produced by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, such as gasoline, diesel, and natural gas. It can be emitted by vehicles, power plants, and other combustion processes. High levels of carbon monoxide can interfere with the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, leading to headaches, dizziness, and even death in extreme cases.

Sulfur dioxide is a gas that is primarily emitted by power plants and industrial facilities that burn fossil fuels, such as coal and oil. It can cause respiratory problems, such as coughing and shortness of breath, and can also contribute to the formation of acid rain, which can harm ecosystems and infrastructure.

Nitrogen dioxide is a gas that is mainly produced by burning fossil fuels, particularly in vehicles and power plants. It can cause respiratory problems and contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone and particulate matter.

The AQI is calculated based on the concentrations of these pollutants and is reported in different categories, ranging from "good" to "hazardous." Each category is associated with a specific health risk and provides guidance on the actions individuals should take to protect themselves.

For example, a "good" AQI indicates that the air quality is satisfactory, and there is little to no health risk. In this case, individuals can engage in outdoor activities without any concerns. On the other hand, a "hazardous" AQI indicates that the air quality is extremely poor, and there is a significant health risk. In such cases, individuals are advised to stay indoors, avoid physical exertion, and follow any local advisories or recommendations.

The AQI is typically reported by government agencies, such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States, and is available through various channels, including websites, mobile applications, and air quality monitors. It is an important tool for individuals, communities, and policymakers to make informed decisions regarding their health and the environment. By understanding the AQI and taking appropriate actions, we can reduce our exposure to air pollution and protect our well-being.