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Europa - 10 things to know with detail

• Europa is one of Jupiter's moons and is the smallest of the four Galilean moons, which are the largest moons of Jupiter.
• Europa is believed to have a subsurface ocean beneath its icy crust, making it a prime candidate in the search for extraterrestrial life in our solar system.
• The surface of Europa is covered in a layer of ice, which is believed to be several miles thick. This icy surface is crisscrossed by numerous cracks and ridges, suggesting that the moon's icy crust is constantly shifting and changing.
• Europa's surface is also marked by large dark spots, which are believed to be areas where the icy crust has been disrupted and liquid water from the subsurface ocean has welled up to the surface.
• Europa has a very tenuous atmosphere composed mostly of oxygen, which is believed to be produced by the breakdown of water molecules on the surface by radiation from Jupiter.
• Europa has a very young surface, with few impact craters compared to other moons in the solar system. This suggests that the surface is being constantly reshaped by geological activity, such as icy volcanism or tectonic processes.
• Europa's magnetic field is generated by the interaction of its subsurface ocean with Jupiter's powerful magnetic field. This interaction creates a complex system of magnetic field lines that are thought to provide clues about the composition and dynamics of Europa's subsurface ocean.
• Europa's surface temperature averages around -260 degrees Fahrenheit (-160 degrees Celsius), making it one of the coldest places in the solar system.
• Europa was first discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610, along with three other large moons of Jupiter. It was named after a Phoenician princess in Greek mythology.
• NASA's Europa Clipper mission, scheduled to launch in the 2020s, will study Europa in detail, with the goal of determining the habitability of its subsurface ocean and potential for life.