Explain Election Commission of India in 500 words
The Election Commission of India (ECI) is an independent constitutional authority responsible for administering and conducting elections in the country. It was established on 25th January 1950, under Article 324 of the Indian Constitution.
The primary objective of the Election Commission is to ensure free and fair elections across the country. It is responsible for supervising the entire electoral process, including the registration of political parties, preparation of electoral rolls, and the conduct of elections at various levels – from the Lok Sabha (lower house of parliament) to state legislative assemblies and local bodies.
The Election Commission consists of a Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) and two Election Commissioners (ECs). They are appointed by the President of India and hold office for a fixed tenure. The CEC and ECs have equal powers and functions, and decisions are taken by a majority vote.
One of the key responsibilities of the Election Commission is the preparation and revision of electoral rolls. It ensures that all eligible citizens are enrolled as voters and that there is no duplication or inclusion of ineligible individuals. The Commission undertakes a comprehensive process of door-to-door verification, data collection, and verification of documents to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the electoral rolls.
The Election Commission also plays a crucial role in the conduct of elections. It formulates the election schedule, including the announcement of dates, filing of nominations, scrutiny of candidates, and the counting of votes. The Commission ensures that the election process is conducted in a transparent and impartial manner, and it takes necessary measures to prevent malpractices like booth capturing, bogus voting, and intimidation of voters.
To maintain the integrity of the electoral process, the Election Commission enforces a strict code of conduct for political parties and candidates during elections. It monitors election expenditure, prohibits the use of government resources for campaigning, and takes action against any violations. The Commission also regulates the use of media and advertising during elections to ensure a level playing field for all candidates.
The Election Commission has made significant efforts to enhance voter participation and accessibility. It has introduced various measures like the introduction of electronic voting machines (EVMs), the option of postal ballots for certain categories of voters, and the establishment of polling stations in remote and inaccessible areas. The Commission also conducts voter awareness campaigns to educate citizens about the importance of voting and their rights as voters.
Another important function of the Election Commission is the regulation of political parties. It grants recognition to political parties based on certain criteria, such as the number of votes secured or seats won in elections. It also monitors the financial accounts of political parties and ensures compliance with the laws regarding political funding and transparency.
The Election Commission has been successful in conducting elections in a timely manner and maintaining the integrity of the electoral process. It has earned a reputation for its impartiality and efficiency in ensuring free and fair elections. However, it faces challenges like the use of money power, influence of criminal elements, and the spread of misinformation and fake news during elections. The Commission continues to evolve and adapt to these challenges by implementing new technologies, strengthening its enforcement mechanisms, and collaborating with other stakeholders to uphold the democratic principles of the country.
In conclusion, the Election Commission of India is a vital institution that plays a crucial role in the functioning of democracy in the country. It ensures that elections are conducted in a transparent, impartial, and inclusive manner, thereby safeguarding the democratic rights of the citizens. Through its efforts, the Commission has contributed significantly to the consolidation of democratic values in India.